CLINCAL PEARLS

ADHD has three primary subtypes: inattentive type, hyperactive-impulsive type, and combined type—each presenting with distinct symptoms.

• Inattentive ADHD is marked by a short attention span, distractibility, forgetfulness, and procrastination.
• Hyperactive-impulsive ADHD manifests through constant fidgeting, difficulty staying seated, excessive talking, and frequent interruptions.
• Combined ADHD is diagnosed when a person exhibits six or more symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.
• Stimulant medications or atomoxetine are typically the most effective treatment options for children with ADHD.
• ADHD and anxiety disorders both involve inattention, but individuals with ADHD are distracted by external stimuli and drawn to engaging activities, whereas those with anxiety are preoccupied with internal worries and ruminative thoughts.
• Bipolar disorder can mimic some ADHD symptoms such as increased psychomotor activity, poor concentration, and impulsivity, but it also includes mood elevation, grandiosity, and reduced need for sleep.